Develop your perception, production and understanding of the various
states of the glottis by practicing all the phonation types in initial,
medial and final positions:
| Initial | Medial | Final | |||||||
| 1. Glottal stop |
ʔɑ |
ɑʔɑ |
|
ɑʔ |
|||||
| 2. Creaky voice |
ɑ̰̰ɑ |
ɑɑ̰̰ɑ |
ɑɑ̰ |
||||||
| 3. Breathy voice | |
ɑ̤ɑ |
ɑɑ̤ɑ |
ɑɑ̤ |
|||||
| 4. Whisper/voicelessness | |
ɑ̥ɑ |
ɑɑ̥ɑ |
ɑɑ̥ |
Some real words to practise (note that the acute accent indicates high
pitch):
| Shona (western) |
|
|
Shona (eastern) | |
|||
| láha | ‘to throw away’ | |
mɦépó | ‘wind’ | |||
| kúɦa | ‘to come’ | femɦá | ‘to smell’ | ||||
| ɦála | ‘to be full’ | femá | ‘to breathe’ | ||||
| hoko | ‘monkey’ | mɦuká | ‘animal’ | ||||
| muká | ‘to get up’ | ||||||
| nɦáŋga | ‘pumpkin’ | ||||||
| naŋgá | ‘peace’ | ||||||
| Burmese | |||||||
| mjɔ:dɛ: | ‘it floats’ | m̥jɔ:dɛ: | ‘he floats it’ | ||||
| lwaʔ | ‘be free’ | l̥waʔ | ‘set free’ |
Audio examples:
The Mazatec examples were downloaded from the UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. The other examples are from a database of audio examples relating to the IPA Handbook.