PHONOLOGY AND PHONETICS PAPER A/B(i) SEMINAR TOPICS
AND READING LIST
These graduate seminars/classes are for students preparing for Paper
A (Phonetics and Phonology Section A) - weeks 1-3 especially - or
option Paper B(i) (all 8 weeks). Those only preparing for paper A
should concentrate in particular on the readings marked with an
asterisk, but that should not stop you from reading any of the others
that you can manage. Titles in red are
reprinted in J. A. Goldsmith
(ed.) (1999) Phonological Theory: The Essential
Readings, and are referred to by chapter
thus: [G12] is chapter 12.
Week
1: Segmentation
Essay
Question: "To what extent is it reasonable to regard speech as
consisting of a sequence of discrete segments?"
Foundations
- Jakobson, R. (1949) On the identification of phonemic entities.
In his Selected Writings,
vol. 1, 418-425.
- Martinet, A. (1949) Phonology
as Functional Phonetics. Publications of the Philological
Society XV.
Problems
- Firth, J. R. (1948) Sounds and Prosodies. Transactions of the Philological Society
1948, as well as widely anthologized. E.g. in Firth's Papers in Linguistics 1934-1951.
- Goldsmith, J. (1976) An
overview of Autosegmental Phonology. [G8] A revised version of
chapter 1 of Goldsmith's (1976) PhD thesis, Autosegmental Phonology.
A recent
contribution
- Caramazza, A., D. Chialant, R. Capasso and G. Micelli (2000)
Separable processing of consonants and vowels. Nature 403, 428-430. Available in
electronic format through the Bodleian website.
Week 2: Classification
Reading
- Handbook of the International
Phonetic Association.
- On vowels: D. Jones (1918 etc) An
outline of English Phonetics, chapter VIII.
- N. Chomsky and M. Halle (1968) The
Sound Pattern of English, chapter 7.
Essay Question: Compare and
constrast the approaches to the classification of EITHER vowels OR
consonants in the IPA vs. generative phonology.
Week 3: Syllables and moras
- Pike, K. L. and E. V. Pike
(1947) Immediate constituents of Mazateco syllables. [G16] International
Journal of American Linguistics 13,
78-91.
- Fudge, E. C. (1969) Syllables. [G19]
Journal of Linguistics 5, 253-286.
- *Selkirk, E.
O. (1982) The syllable. [G17] In
H. van der Hulst and N. Smith, eds. The
Structure of Phonological Representations, Part II. Dordrecht:
Foris.
- Clements, G. N. and S. J. Keyser
(1983) (Extract from) CV Phonology: A generative
theory of the syllable. [G10] Chapter
1 and sections 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.6 of the 1983 book.
- *Hayes, B. (1995) Metrical
Stress Theory, section 3.9.
Development
- Hayes, B. (1989) Compensatory lengthening
in moraic phonology. [G18] Linguistic Inquiry 20,
253-306.
- Ito, J. (1989) A prosodic theory of epenthesis. Natural
Language and Linguistic Theory 7, 217-259.
English
- Myers, S. (1987) Vowel shortening in English. Natural
Language
and Linguistic Theory 5, 485-518.
- Borowsky, T. (1989) Structure preservation and the syllable coda
in English. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 7,
145-166.
Psycholinguistic evidence for syllable structure
- Meyer, A. S. (1991) The time course of phonological
encoding
in language production: phonological encoding inside a syllable. Journal
of Memory and Language 30, 69-89.
- Pierrehumbert, J. and R. Nair (1995) Word games and syllable
structure. Language and Speech 38 (1), 77-114.
- Treiman, R. and B. Kessler (1995) In defense of an onset-rime
syllable structure for English. Language and Speech 38
(2), 127-142.
Essay titles:
- What is the structure of syllables in English?
- What are syllables, and what is their internal structure?
- Who is right, Pierrehumbert and Nair or Treiman
and Kessler?
Week 4: Metrical phonology of English
Foundations
- Liberman, M. and A. Prince (1977) On
stress and linguistic rhythm. [G20] Linguistic Inquiry 8
(2), 249-336. [Long]
Development
- Kiparsky, P. (1979) Metrical structure assignment is cyclic. Linguistic
Inquiry 10 (3), 421-441.
- Selkirk, E. O. (1980) The role of prosodic categories in English
word stress. Linguistic Inquiry 11 (3), 563-605.
- Hayes, B. (1982) Extrametricality and English stress. Linguistic
Inquiry 13 (2) 227-276.
- Booij, G. E. (1983) Principles and parameters in prosodic
phonology. Linguistics 21, 249-280.
- Halle, M. (1989) On stress placement and metrical structure. In
C. Wiltshire, R. Graczyk and B. Music (eds.) CLS 25: Papers from
the 25th Annual Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society.
Part One: The General
Session. 157-173. [Fairly easy; recommended if you're interested in
Indo-European
accentuation.]
- McCarthy, J. and A. Prince (1986)
Generalized alignment. [G7] In G.
Booij and J. van Marle, eds. Yearbook of Morphology, 1993.
Essay title: How is English lexical stress determined,
according
to the theory of Metrical Phonology?
Week 5a: The phonetics-phonology interface
Foundations
- *Chomsky, N. and M. Halle (1968) The Sound Pattern of English
pp. 293-8.
- *Mohanan, K. P. (1986) The Theory of Lexical Phonology
pp. 154-181.
- Halle, M. (1983) On distinctive features and their articulatory
implementation. Natural Language and Lingusitic Theory 1,
91-105.
Development
- Browman, C. P. and L. M. Goldstein (1986) Towards an
articulatory
phonology. Phonology Yearbook 3, 219-252.
- Keating, P. A. (1988a) Underspecification in phonetics. Phonology
5, 275-92.
- Keating, P. A. (1988b) The phonology-phonetics interface. In F.
Newmeyer (ed.) The Cambridge Linguistic Survey, vol. I: Linguistic
Theory: Foundations 281-302.
- Ladefoged, P. (1988) The many interfaces between phonetics and
phonology. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 70, 13-23.
- Pierrehumbert, J. B. (1990) Phonological and phonetic
representation. Journal of Phonetics 28, 375-394.
- Coleman, J. S. (1992) The phonetic interpretation of headed
phonological structures containing overlapping constituents. Phonology
9 (1), 1-44.
Essay question: Assuming that
Trubetzkoy is right (see Coleman
p. 21), what specific mechanisms seem to be necessary to relate
phonological representations to phonetic representations?
Week 5b. Autosegmental Phonology and Morphology
- *Goldsmith, J. (1976) An overview of
Autosegmental Phonology. [G8] A revised version of chapter 1 of
Goldsmith's (1976) PhD thesis, Autosegmental
Phonology.
- McCarthy, J. (1981) A prosodic
theory
of nonconcatenative morphology. [G9] Linguistic Inquiry 12,
373-418.
- Prince, A. S. (1984) Phonology with
tiers. [G15] In M. Aronoff and R.
Oehrle, eds. Language Sound
Structure. MIT Press. 234-244.
- Clements, G. N. (1985) The geometry
of phonological features. [G11] Phonology Yearbook 2,
225-252.
Week 6: Gemination
Foundations
- Carnochan, J. (1957) Gemination in Hausa. In Studies in
Linguistic Analysis. Special volume of the Philological Society.
149-181.
- Palmer, F. R. (1957) Gemination in Tigrinya. In Studies in
Linguistic Analysis. 139-148.
- Schein, B. and D. Steriade (1986) On geminates. Linguistic
Inquiry 17, 691-744.
Developments
- Lahiri, A. and J. Hankamer (1988) The timing of geminate
consonants. Journal of Phonetics 16, 327-338.
- Smith, C. L. (1995) Prosodic patterns in the coordination of
vowel and consonant gestures. In B. Connell and A. Arvaniti, eds. Phonology
and
phonetic evidence: papers in laboratory phonology IV.
205-222.
- Local, J. and A. Simpson (1999) Phonetic implementation of
geminates in Malayalam nouns. Proceedings of the 14th International
Congress
of Phonetic Sciences Vol. 1, 595-598. Downloads:
[ PDF
| PostScript
]
Essay title: How can the view of gemination expressed by Schein
and Steriade and Lahiri and Hankamer be reconciled with Local and
Simpson's
data?
Week 7: Secondary articulation and
coarticulation
Foundations
- Chomsky, N. and M. Halle (1968) The Sound Pattern of English,
pages 305-6.
- Öhman, S. E. G. (1965) Coarticulation in VCV utterances:
spectrographic measurements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America 39, 151-168.
- Whalen, D. H. (1990) Coarticulation is largely planned. Journal
of Phonetics 18, 3-35.
Models
- Kent, R. D. and F. D. Minifie (1977) Coarticulation in recent
speech production models. Journal of Phonetics 5,
115-133.
- Browman, C. P. and L. Goldstein (1990) Tiers in articulatory
phonology, with some implications for casual speech.
- Keating, P. A. (1990) The window model of
coarticulation: articulatory evidence. Both in J. Kingston and M.
E. Beckman, eds. Papers in Laboratory Phonology 1: Between the
Grammar and Physics of Speech. 341-376 and
451-470, respectively.
- Blackburn, C. S. and S. Young (2000) A self-learning
predictive model of articulator movements during speech production. Journal
of the Acoustical Society of America 107, 1659-1670.
Seeking the limits of coarticulation
- Kelly, J. and J. Local (1989) Doing Phonology pp. 72-4,
88-9, 132, 212-6.
- Kelly, J. and J. Local (1986) Long domain resonance
patterns
in English. International Conference on Speech Input/Output;
Techniques
and Applications. 304-309.
- West P. (1999). The extent of coarticulation of English liquids:
An acoustic and articulatory study. Proceedings of the XIVth
International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Vol. 3, 1901-4.
- Heid, S.
and S. Hawkins (2000) An acoustical study of long domain /r/ and
/l/ coarticulation.
Week 8a: Theoretical views on perceptual
representations
- Liberman, A. M., F. S. Cooper, D. P. Shankweiler, and M.
StuddertKennedy (1967) Perception of the speech code. Psychological
Review 74 (6), 431-461.
- *Liberman, A. M., and I. G. Mattingley (1985) The motor theory
of speech perception revised. Cognition 21, 1-36.
- Papers by Lindblom, Stevens, Ohala and Fowler in Journal of
the Acoustical Society of America 99 (3).
Essay title: Summarise and critically appraise any TWO theories
of
speech perception.
Week 8b: Phonetics and phonology in the
mental lexicon
- Ganong III, W. F., (1980) Phonetic categorization in auditory
word perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human
Perception and Performance 6 (1), 110-125.
- *Hooper, J. B. (1981) The empirical determination of
phonological representations. In T. Myers et al. (eds.) The
cognitive representation of speech. 347-357.
- Kuhl, P. K. (1992) Speech prototypes: studies on the nature,
function, ontogeny and phylogeny of the "centers" of speech categories.
In Y. Tohkura, E. Vatikiotis-Bateson and Y. Sagisaka, eds. Speech
perception, production and linguistic structure. 239-264.
- Johnson, K. (1997) Speech perception without speaker
normalization. In K. Johnson and J. W. Mullenix, eds. Talker
variability in speech processing. 145-165.
- *Coleman, J. S. (1998) Cognitive reality and the phonological
lexicon: a review. Journal of Neurolinguistics 11 (3),
295-320.
Essay question: In what form are words represented in the mental
lexicon?