Develop your perception, production and understanding of the various
states of the glottis by practicing all the phonation types in initial,
medial and final positions:
| Initial | Medial | Final | |||||||
| 1. Glottal stop |
ʔɑ |
ɑʔɑ |
|
ɑʔ |
|||||
| 2. Creaky voice |
ɑ̰̰ɑ |
ɑɑ̰̰ɑ |
ɑɑ̰̰ |
||||||
| 3. Breathy voice | |
ɦɑ |
ɑɦɑ |
ɑɦ |
|||||
| 4. Whisper/voicelessness | |
hɑ |
ɑhɑ |
ɑh |
Some real words to practise (note that the acute accent indicates
high
pitch):
| Shona (western) |
|
|
Shona (eastern) | |
|||
| láha | to throw away | |
mɦépó | wind | |||
| kúɦa | to come | femɦá | to smell | ||||
| ɦála | to be full | femá | to breathe | ||||
| hoko | monkey | mɦuká | animal | ||||
| muká | to get up | ||||||
| nɦáŋga | pumpkin | ||||||
| naŋgá | peace |
Audio examples:
The Mazatec examples were downloaded from the UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. The other examples are from a database of audio examples relating to the IPA Handbook.