1. Pulmonic egressive
English
In the following, pulmonic, egressive air produced for a vowel ([a],
[ɑ] or [ǝ])
is stopped ([ʔ],
[t])
or constricted ([h], [h]) at the glottis ([ʔ],
[h], [h]) or by the tongue tip at the alveolar ridge ([t]).
[ː] indicates
length of the preceding sound.
| at | [ʔaʔ] |
| are | [ʔɑː] |
| art | [ʔɑːʔ] or [ʔɑːth] |
| tar | [thɑː] |
| heart | [hɑːʔ] |
| uh-uh | [ʔǝʔǝ] |
| a-a | [ʔaʔa] |
2. Glottalic egressive (ejectives)
Amharic
| pʼ | [pʼappʼas] | |
ʻchurch patriarchʼ |
| tʼ | [tʼut] | |
ʻbreastʼ |
| kʼ | [kʼes] | |
ʻpriestʼ |
| sʼ | [sʼom] | |
ʻfastʼ (n.) |
Navajo
| [tʼáá] | ʻjustʼ (adv.) | [tooh] | ʻlarge body of waterʼ |
| [kʼaaʔ] | ʻarrowʼ | [ké] | ʻshoeʼ |
| [tsʼin] | ʻboneʼ | [tsin sitãʹ] | ʻmileʼ |
| [tsʼaaʔ] | ʻbasketʼ | [tsah] | ʻneedleʼ |
3. Glottalic ingressive (implosives)
Sindhi
| [ɓarʊ] | |
ʻchildʼ | [buʈʊ] | |
ʻshoesʼ |
| [ɖarʊ] | |
ʻcreviceʼ | [dʊnʊ] | |
ʻnavelʼ |
| [ɠëro] | |
ʻheavyʼ | [ɡano] | |
ʻsongʼ |
4. Velaric ingressive (clicks)
Non-linguistic vocal sounds in English
| bilabial | ʻkiss kissʼ |
[ʘʘ] |
| dental | ʻtut tutʼ | [| |] |
| alveolar lateral | ʻgee upʼ | [|| ||] |
| postalveolar | ʻtick tockʼ | [! !] |
Xhosa
| [ukú|ola] | ʻto grind fineʼ |
| [ukú!oɓa] | ʻto break stonesʼ |
| [ú||olo] | ʻpeaceʼ |
| [ukú||hoɓa] | ʻto arm oneselfʼ |