PHONOLOGY AND PHONETICS PAPER A SEMINAR TOPICS
AND READING LIST
These graduate seminars/classes are for students preparing for Paper
A (Phonetics and Phonology Section A). Titles in red are
reprinted in J. A. Goldsmith
(ed.) (1999) Phonological Theory: The Essential
Readings, and are referred to by chapter
thus: [G12] is chapter 12.
Topic 1: Segmentation
Essay
Question: "To what extent is it reasonable to regard speech as
consisting of a sequence of discrete segments?"
Foundations
- Jakobson, R. (1949) On the identification of phonemic entities.
In his Selected Writings,
vol. 1, 418-425.
- Martinet, A. (1949) Phonology
as Functional Phonetics. Publications of the Philological
Society XV.
Problems
- Firth, J. R. (1948) Sounds and Prosodies. Transactions of the Philological Society
1948, as well as widely anthologized. E.g. in Firth's Papers in Linguistics 1934-1951.
- Goldsmith, J. (1976) An
overview of Autosegmental Phonology. [G8] A revised version of
chapter 1 of Goldsmith's (1976) PhD thesis, Autosegmental Phonology.
A recent
contribution
- Caramazza, A., D. Chialant, R. Capasso and G. Micelli (2000)
Separable processing of consonants and vowels. Nature 403, 428-430. Available in
electronic format through the Bodleian website.
Topic 2: Classification
Reading
- Handbook of the International
Phonetic Association.
- On vowels: D. Jones (1918 etc) An
outline of English Phonetics, chapter VIII.
- Pike, K. L. (1943) Phonetics. Chapters
V and VII.
- N. Chomsky and M. Halle (1968) The
Sound Pattern of English, chapter 7.
- M. Lindau (1978) Vowel Features. Language 54 (3), 541-563. JSTOR http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/412786.pdf
Essay Question: Compare and
constrast the approaches to the classification of EITHER vowels OR
consonants in the IPA vs. generative phonology.
Topic 3: Syllables and moras
- Pike, K. L. and E. V. Pike
(1947) Immediate constituents of Mazateco syllables. [G16] International
Journal of American Linguistics 13,
78-91.
- Fudge, E. C. (1969) Syllables. [G19]
Journal of Linguistics 5, 253-286.
- Selkirk, E.
O. (1982) The syllable. [G17] In
H. van der Hulst and N. Smith, eds. The
Structure of Phonological Representations, Part II. Dordrecht:
Foris.
- Clements, G. N. and S. J. Keyser
(1983) (Extract from) CV Phonology: A generative
theory of the syllable. [G10] Chapter
1 and sections 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.6 of the 1983 book.
- Hayes, B. (1995) Metrical
Stress Theory, section 3.9.
Development
- Hayes, B. (1989) Compensatory lengthening
in moraic phonology. [G18] Linguistic Inquiry 20,
253-306.
- Ito, J. (1989) A prosodic theory of epenthesis. Natural
Language and Linguistic Theory 7, 217-259.
English
- Myers, S. (1987) Vowel shortening in English. Natural
Language
and Linguistic Theory 5, 485-518.
- Borowsky, T. (1989) Structure preservation and the syllable coda
in English. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 7,
145-166.
Psycholinguistic evidence for syllable structure
- Meyer, A. S. (1991) The time course of phonological
encoding
in language production: phonological encoding inside a syllable. Journal
of Memory and Language 30, 69-89.
- Pierrehumbert, J. and R. Nair (1995) Word games and syllable
structure. Language and Speech 38 (1), 77-114.
- Treiman, R. and B. Kessler (1995) In defense of an onset-rime
syllable structure for English. Language and Speech 38
(2), 127-142.
Essay titles:
- What is the structure of syllables in English?
- What are syllables, and what is their internal structure?
- Who is right, Pierrehumbert and Nair or Treiman
and Kessler?
For
your interest: other topics that we might have covered, especially for
option paper B(i)
Topic 4: Metrical phonology of English
Foundations
- Liberman, M. and A. Prince (1977) On
stress and linguistic rhythm. [G20] Linguistic Inquiry 8
(2), 249-336. [Long]
Development
- Kiparsky, P. (1979) Metrical structure assignment is cyclic. Linguistic
Inquiry 10 (3), 421-441.
- Selkirk, E. O. (1980) The role of prosodic categories in English
word stress. Linguistic Inquiry 11 (3), 563-605.
- Hayes, B. (1982) Extrametricality and English stress. Linguistic
Inquiry 13 (2) 227-276.
- Booij, G. E. (1983) Principles and parameters in prosodic
phonology. Linguistics 21, 249-280.
- Halle, M. (1989) On stress placement and metrical structure. In
C. Wiltshire, R. Graczyk and B. Music (eds.) CLS 25: Papers from
the 25th Annual Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society.
Part One: The General
Session. 157-173. [Fairly easy; recommended if you're interested in
Indo-European
accentuation.]
- McCarthy, J. and A. Prince (1986)
Generalized alignment. [G7] In G.
Booij and J. van Marle, eds. Yearbook of Morphology, 1993.
Essay title: How is English lexical stress determined,
according
to the theory of Metrical Phonology?
Topic 5a: The phonetics-phonology interface
Foundations
- *Chomsky, N. and M. Halle (1968) The Sound Pattern of English
pp. 293-8.
- *Mohanan, K. P. (1986) The Theory of Lexical Phonology
pp. 154-181.
- Halle, M. (1983) On distinctive features and their articulatory
implementation. Natural Language and Lingusitic Theory 1,
91-105.
Development
- Browman, C. P. and L. M. Goldstein (1986) Towards an
articulatory
phonology. Phonology Yearbook 3, 219-252.
- Keating, P. A. (1988a) Underspecification in phonetics. Phonology
5, 275-92.
- Keating, P. A. (1988b) The phonology-phonetics interface. In F.
Newmeyer (ed.) The Cambridge Linguistic Survey, vol. I: Linguistic
Theory: Foundations 281-302.
- Ladefoged, P. (1988) The many interfaces between phonetics and
phonology. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 70, 13-23.
- Pierrehumbert, J. B. (1990) Phonological and phonetic
representation. Journal of Phonetics 28, 375-394.
- Coleman, J. S. (1992) The phonetic interpretation of headed
phonological structures containing overlapping constituents. Phonology
9 (1), 1-44.
Essay question: Assuming that
Trubetzkoy is right (see Coleman
p. 21), what specific mechanisms seem to be necessary to relate
phonological representations to phonetic representations?
Topic 5b. Autosegmental Phonology and Morphology
- *Goldsmith, J. (1976) An overview of
Autosegmental Phonology. [G8] A revised version of chapter 1 of
Goldsmith's (1976) PhD thesis, Autosegmental
Phonology.
- McCarthy, J. (1981) A prosodic
theory
of nonconcatenative morphology. [G9] Linguistic Inquiry 12,
373-418.
- Prince, A. S. (1984) Phonology with
tiers. [G15] In M. Aronoff and R.
Oehrle, eds. Language Sound
Structure. MIT Press. 234-244.
- Clements, G. N. (1985) The geometry
of phonological features. [G11] Phonology Yearbook 2,
225-252.
Topic 6: Gemination
Foundations
- Carnochan, J. (1957) Gemination in Hausa. In Studies in
Linguistic Analysis. Special volume of the Philological Society.
149-181.
- Palmer, F. R. (1957) Gemination in Tigrinya. In Studies in
Linguistic Analysis. 139-148.
- Schein, B. and D. Steriade (1986) On geminates. Linguistic
Inquiry 17, 691-744.
Developments
- Lahiri, A. and J. Hankamer (1988) The timing of geminate
consonants. Journal of Phonetics 16, 327-338.
- Smith, C. L. (1995) Prosodic patterns in the coordination of
vowel and consonant gestures. In B. Connell and A. Arvaniti, eds. Phonology
and
phonetic evidence: papers in laboratory phonology IV.
205-222.
- Local, J. and A. Simpson (1999) Phonetic implementation of
geminates in Malayalam nouns. Proceedings of the 14th International
Congress
of Phonetic Sciences Vol. 1, 595-598. Downloads:
[ PDF
| PostScript
]
Essay title: How can the view of gemination expressed by Schein
and Steriade and Lahiri and Hankamer be reconciled with Local and
Simpson's
data?
Topic 7: Secondary articulation and
coarticulation
Foundations
- Chomsky, N. and M. Halle (1968) The Sound Pattern of English,
pages 305-6.
- Öhman, S. E. G. (1965) Coarticulation in VCV utterances:
spectrographic measurements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America 39, 151-168.
- Whalen, D. H. (1990) Coarticulation is largely planned. Journal
of Phonetics 18, 3-35.
Models
- Kent, R. D. and F. D. Minifie (1977) Coarticulation in recent
speech production models. Journal of Phonetics 5,
115-133.
- Browman, C. P. and L. Goldstein (1990) Tiers in articulatory
phonology, with some implications for casual speech.
- Keating, P. A. (1990) The window model of
coarticulation: articulatory evidence. Both in J. Kingston and M.
E. Beckman, eds. Papers in Laboratory Phonology 1: Between the
Grammar and Physics of Speech. 341-376 and
451-470, respectively.
- Blackburn, C. S. and S. Young (2000) A self-learning
predictive model of articulator movements during speech production. Journal
of the Acoustical Society of America 107, 1659-1670.
Seeking the limits of coarticulation
- Kelly, J. and J. Local (1989) Doing Phonology pp. 72-4,
88-9, 132, 212-6.
- Kelly, J. and J. Local (1986) Long domain resonance
patterns
in English. International Conference on Speech Input/Output;
Techniques
and Applications. 304-309.
- West P. (1999). The extent of coarticulation of English liquids:
An acoustic and articulatory study. Proceedings of the XIVth
International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Vol. 3, 1901-4.
- Heid, S.
and S. Hawkins (2000) An acoustical study of long domain /r/ and
/l/ coarticulation.
Topic 8a: Theoretical views on perceptual
representations
- Liberman, A. M., F. S. Cooper, D. P. Shankweiler, and M.
StuddertKennedy (1967) Perception of the speech code. Psychological
Review 74 (6), 431-461.
- *Liberman, A. M., and I. G. Mattingley (1985) The motor theory
of speech perception revised. Cognition 21, 1-36.
- Papers by Lindblom, Stevens, Ohala and Fowler in Journal of
the Acoustical Society of America 99 (3).
Essay title: Summarise and critically appraise any TWO theories
of
speech perception.
Topic 8b: Phonetics and
phonology in the
mental lexicon
- Ganong III, W. F., (1980) Phonetic categorization in auditory
word perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human
Perception and Performance 6 (1), 110-125.
- *Hooper, J. B. (1981) The empirical determination of
phonological representations. In T. Myers et al. (eds.) The
cognitive representation of speech. 347-357.
- Kuhl, P. K. (1992) Speech prototypes: studies on the nature,
function, ontogeny and phylogeny of the "centers" of speech categories.
In Y. Tohkura, E. Vatikiotis-Bateson and Y. Sagisaka, eds. Speech
perception, production and linguistic structure. 239-264.
- Johnson, K. (1997) Speech perception without speaker
normalization. In K. Johnson and J. W. Mullenix, eds. Talker
variability in speech processing. 145-165.
- *Coleman, J. S. (1998) Cognitive reality and the phonological
lexicon: a review. Journal of Neurolinguistics 11 (3),
295-320.
Essay question: In what form are words represented in the mental
lexicon?